Peptic ulcers refer to the open sores that develop on the inside lining of the stomach. It is primarily found in the upper portion of the small intestine. Stomach pain is the most common symptom of all peptic ulcer types. According to estimates, over 500,000 people develop the symptoms of peptic ulcers each year in the country.

The causes of all peptic ulcer types include infections caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications.

1. Types of peptic ulcers
Based on its occurrence and symptoms, peptic ulcer is categorized into two types.

• Gastric ulcers that occur inside the stomach
• Duodenal ulcers that occur inside the upper portion of the small intestine, which is also known as the duodenum

2. Symptoms
The prime symptom of both ulcer types is stomach pain. In addition to stomach pain, you may experience additional uneasiness. Stomach acid has the ability to make the pain worse, as does having an empty stomach. The pain of all peptic ulcer types is often known to be relieved by the consumption of certain over-the-counter medications like acid-reducing medication. But the pain can recur in various cases. It has been observed that in peptic ulcers, the pain usually gets worse between meals and at night.

Other common symptoms of peptic ulcers include:

• Feeling of fullness, bloating or belching
• Fatty food intolerance
• Heartburn
• Nausea or vomiting
• Vomiting
• Dark blood in stools
• Trouble in breathing
• Feeling faint
• Nausea or vomiting
• Unexplained weight loss
• Appetite changes

In certain cases, stomach pain is likely to get worse between meals and at night.

3. Complications
If the symptoms of peptic ulcer left untreated, it can result in:

• Internal bleeding
  Untreated peptic ulcers can lead to slow blood loss which will gradually develop the symptoms of anemia. In this condition, the patient needs immediate hospitalization. The treatment procedure is also likely to include a blood transfusion.
• Infection
  In advanced stages, peptic ulcers can form a hole through the small intestine and lead to a serious infection in the abdominal cavity.
• Obstruction
  In certain cases, peptic ulcers can also block the passage of food through the digestive tract. This leads to abnormal vomiting and weight loss of the patient.

4. Prevention of peptic ulcer types
You can work on certain strategies towards reducing the risks of peptic ulcers:

• Maintain hygiene
  Practicing proper hygiene helps to avoid getting contact with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. However, medical science is still not clear how Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria spreads. But there is evidence that proves it can get transmitted from person to person or via food and water.
• Take painkillers with caution
  Increase consumption of pain relievers increased risks of developing peptic ulcers. You may take your medication with meals to minimize the risks.
• Unhealthy habits
  It’s important to work toward reducing habits such as smoking and consumption of alcohol.

It’s crucial to immediately consult with your doctor if you notice any symptoms listed above for speedy recovery. Over-the-counter antacids and acid blockers can only offer relief only for some time.