Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the skin, causing red, scaly patches that can be itchy and painful. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, causing an overproduction of new cells that build up on the skin’s surface. The chronic inflammation that characterizes psoriasis can affect other parts of the body, leading to an increased risk of developing conditions such as cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, diabetes, and certain types of cancer:

1. Depression

There is a well-established relationship between depression and psoriasis. Psoriasis can be distressing and uncomfortable, leading to frustration, embarrassment, and shame. The chronic stress and emotional burden of psoriasis can contribute to depression. In addition, the physical symptoms of psoriasis, such as itching, pain, and discomfort, can also contribute to a person’s depressed status. Psoriasis can impact a person’s self-esteem, social life, and ability to engage in enjoyable activities. Individuals with psoriasis need comprehensive care that addresses their physical and mental health needs. This may include medical treatments for psoriasis, such as topical or systemic medications, and psychological therapies to address anxiety.

2. Heart disease

Studies have shown that individuals with psoriasis have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack, stroke, and atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries). This increased risk may be due to the chronic inflammation associated with psoriasis, which can damage blood vessels. The severity of psoriasis is often associated with increased inflammation and a higher risk of metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are known risk factors for heart disease. A healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a nutritious diet, and managing stress, may also help reduce the risk of psoriasis and heart disease.

3. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS and psoriasis are two distinct medical conditions that can coexist in some patients. However, there is no clear link between the two conditions. It is characterized by cysts on the ovaries, irregular periods, and high levels of male hormones (androgens). PCOS can cause various symptoms, including acne, weight gain, and infertility. While PCOS and psoriasis have no direct link, both conditions have been linked to inflammation and immune system dysfunction. Some studies have shown that women with PCOS may be at higher risk of developing psoriasis.

4. Lymphoma

It’s been proven that psoriasis patients may have a slightly higher risk of developing lymphoma compared to the general population. The risk appears to be higher in people with severe psoriasis, as well as those who have had the condition for a long time. The exact reason for this link is not fully understood, but some theories suggest that the chronic inflammation associated with psoriasis may contribute to the development of the condition. Additionally, some of the treatments for psoriasis, such as phototherapy and immunosuppressive drugs, may increase the risk of lymphoma.

5. Psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis is a severe inflammatory condition that affects psoriasis patients. It can cause joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and fatigue, leading to joint damage and disability if left untreated. It affects about 30% of people with psoriasis. It usually develops several years after the onset of psoriasis, but in some cases, it occurs before or at the same time. The symptoms vary from person to person. Psoriatic arthritis has no cure, but several treatment options can help manage the symptoms and slow down its progression. NSAIDs can help relieve pain and inflammation, while disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) can help slow down joint damage.

6. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic inflammatory lung disease commonly associated with smoking. Studies have suggested psoriasis patients may be at an increased risk of developing COPD and the risk increases with the severity of psoriasis. Inflammation in the lungs can lead to damage and narrowing of the airways, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD, such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. It is important for psoriasis patients to take steps to reduce their risk.

Recent advancements in medical research have developed various treatment options to manage psoriasis symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life. These include biologic therapy medications such as Tremfya, Skyrizi, Stelara, Cosentyx, Xeljanx, Otezla, Ilumya tildrakizumab, and Rituximab. Moreover, gene therapy is an emerging treatment option whose approach involves modifying a patient’s DNA to treat the condition’s underlying cause, providing a long-term cure for psoriasis and its associated diseases.